The physical barrier between the intracellular fluid and interstitial fluid is the cell plasma membrane, and the physical barrier between the interstitial fluid and plasma is the capillary endothelium. These fluid compartments are emphasized by the gray background color. If we examine this figure carefully, and if we consider the functional interconnections of the fluid compartments, it becomes clear that there are three major fluid compartments: (1) intracellular fluid, (2) interstitial fluid, and (3) plasma. Transcellular fluid generally comprises up to about 2.5% of the total body water (or up to ~1 L). Cerebrospinal fluid (the fluid bathing the brain and the spinal cord), intraocular fluids (aqueous and vitreous humors), inner ear fluids (endolymph and perilymph), pericardial fluid, peritoneal fluid, synovial fluids (in joints), as well as some other fluids are components of the transcellular fluid in the body. This fluid is generally separated from the plasma by an additional epithelial layer in addition to the capillary endothelium. Transcellular fluid is found in small amounts in different body regions and, in total, comprises a very small portion (though not unimportant) of the total body water. It is generally about 75% of the volume of ECF (or ~10.5 L). Interstitial fluid is the fluid that directly bathes the cells and tissues in the body. The extravascular compartment is further subdivided into two compartments: interstitial fluid and transcellular fluid. The volume of plasma is about 3 L and is generally about 25% of the volume of ECF. Plasma is the fluid portion of blood (i.e., whole blood minus the so-called formed elements red cells, white cells, and platelets). The fluid in the intravascular compartment is the fluid that is present in all of body blood vessels.
These two compartments are separated by the capillary endothelium (lining of the walls of the capillaries). The extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment is further subdivided into the intravascular compartment and the extravascular compartment. Approximately 33% of the total body fluid (or ~20% of total body weight) is in the extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment. The intracellular fluid is separated from the extracellular fluid by the cell plasma membrane. Therefore, the total volume of ICF is ~28 L (cytoplasmic volume of all cells combined). Approximately 67% of total body water (or ~40% of total body weight) is in the intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment, which is the fluid that is present in the cytoplasm of all cells of the body. If we use 70 kg (155 lb) to represent the average adult male, the total volume of water in the body can be calculated to be about 42 L. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules that can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.In a typical adult male human, approximately 60% of the total body weight is composed of water. The concentrations of ions, such as sodium and potassium, are generally lower in the cytosol compared to the extracellular fluid these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation and signal transduction. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, it mainly functions as a fluid medium for intracellular signaling (signal transduction ) within the cell, and plays a role in determining cell size and shape. Body Fluid Compartments (70 kg male) of Body. Approximate values for the size of the fluid compartments are shown on the diagram and listed in the table. The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. The major and broadest division separates the compartments in to 2 the intracellular Fluid (ICF) and the Extracellular Fluid based on which side of the cell membrane the fluid is situated.
The intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment is the system that includes all fluid enclosed in cells by their plasma membranes. The cytosol includes dissolved molecules and water. Body fluids can be discussed in terms of their specific fluid compartment, a location that is largely separate from another compartment by some form of a physical barrier. The cytosol: The cytosol (11) is the fluid within the plasma membrane of a cell and contains the organelles. The contents of a eukaryotic cell within the cell membrane, excluding the cell nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles (e.g., mitochondria, plastides, lumen of endoplasmic reticulum, etc.), is referred to as the cytoplasm. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into compartments. It is separated into compartments by membranes that encircle the various organelles of the cell. The intracellular fluid of the cytosol or intracellular fluid (or cytoplasm ) is the fluid found inside cells.
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